Test road sections with such modular solar panels have been reported, where inferior cost-effectiveness and difficulties in maintenance have been evidenced, suggesting more challenges exist than expected. Current strategies are encapsulating PV cells by transparent coverings to different substrates to pre-fabricate modular PV panels in factories for onsite installation. More efforts in existing researches have been paid to PV applications in load-bearing pavement structures, possibly because the pavement structures cover the major area of road structures. Applications in accessory buildings and facilities including noise/wind barriers, parking lots, and lightings have also been reported. Such practices have been applied in medians and slopes of roads and open spaces in interchanges. One solution for such applications is to take advantage of the spare ground in road facilities without traffic load, where the solar panels are mounted as their conventional applications. Road structures account for a considerable proportion of urban and suburban areas and may be feasible for incorporation with photovoltaic facilities, and thereby have attracted research interests. Photovoltaic (PV) facilities are sustainable and promising approaches for energy harvesting, but their applications usually require adequate spaces. The review presented in this article also covers the latest achievements and prospects for the use of composite materials in energy generation devices. The main energy generation technologies, i.e., photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, and biogas generators, were analysed and discussed. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research into the application of composite materials in mainstream power generation. With the increasing demand for energy, new technologies and materials are being developed to replace exhaustible traditional construction materials. Electricity production from renewable sources (i.e., biomass energy, geothermal energy, hydro energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy) is on its way to strong growth around the world over the next dozen years. Global demand for electricity is growing faster than renewable energy sources. Globally, electricity demand rises by 1.8% per year according to the American Energy Information Administration, global energy demand will increase by 47% over the next 30 years, driven by demographic and economic growth.
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